- The online book: Drafting Contracts
- Weblog
- Free e-books
- Published: Drafting contracts
-
- Part I - Contract drafting: matters of style
- 1 - General drafting principles
- 2 - Matters of style and legal culture
- Part II - Structure and presentation of contracts
- 3 - Main contract outline
- 3.1 - Setting up an agreement
- 3.2 - Presentation styles: European vs. US style
- 3.3 - A cover page and table of contents
- 3.4 - First part of an agreement
- 3.5 - The body of the agreement
- 3.6 - Blank space after the body of the contract
- 3.7 - Signature blocks, seals and witnesses
- 3.8 - Aspects of signing, and initialling
- 3.9 - Notarisation, legalisation and apostilles
- 4 - Structuring the transaction documents
- 5 - Presentation: the look and feel
- Part III - Drafting contracts and contract clauses
- 6 - Typical drafting habits and 'legalese'
- 6.1 - Certain funny phrases
- (a) - For the avoidance of doubt, ...
- (b) - ‘…, as the case may be’
- (c) - The issue of ‘include’ and ‘without limitation’
- (d) - ‘Subject to…’
- (e) - ‘Notwithstanding…’
- (f) - ‘Except as otherwise agreed…’
- (g) - ...provided, however, that...
- (h) - ‘…from time to time’
- (i) - ‘…not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed’
- (j) - Shall be 'deemed'
- (k) - ‘Third parties’
- (l) - 'Hereby'
- (m) - ‘To the maximum extent permitted by law’
- (n) - Intentionally left blank...
- 6.2 - Do's and don'ts
- (a) - Think first: and/or
- (b) - 'In order to' (avoid explanations)
- (c) - Not shall and will (but only one of them)
- (d) - 'Said', 'such' and links
- (e) - Do not write (s) and do not use /
- (f) - ‘The same’ and ‘that certain’
- (g) - Herein, thereof, everywhereof
- (h) - 'Mutual' is a pleonasm
- (i) - Do not emphasise the unnecessary
- (j) - Use of ‘when’, ‘if’ and ‘to the extent that’
- (k) - Use of synonyms and hendiadyses
- (d) - Certain vague terms: without undue delay
- 6.3 - Numbers and formulae
- 6.1 - Certain funny phrases
- 7 - Definitions and contract interpretation clauses
- 8 - Particular types of clauses
- 8.1 - Conditions, conditional clauses and triggering events
- 8.2 - Covenants
- 8.3 - Reps and warranties
- (a) - Warranties - a quick introduction
- (b) - Statements of fact, not obligations
- (c) - Warranties, not representations and warranties
- (d) - A warranty is incorrect (or untrue), but not breached
- (e) - Smoking out the facts
- (f) - Allocation of risk
- (g) - Fitness for purpose and merchantability
- (h) - Bringing down warranties
- (i) - Survival of warranties
- (j) - Disclosures in M&A agreements
- (k) - Warranties in ordinary course business contracts
- (l) - Warranty aspects in major transactions (M&A)
- 8.4 - Limitations of liability and indemnities
- 8.5 - Confidentiality clauses
- 8.6 - Miscellaneous ('boilerplate') clauses
- (a) - Notices clause
- (b) - Amendments
- (c) - No subcontracting
- (e) - Severability
- (f) - Waivers
- (g) - Entire agreement and merger clauses
- (h) - Further assurance (duty to cooperate)
- (i) - Force majeure
- (j) - Announcements
- (k) - No termination or dissolution
- (l) - Independent contractors (‘no partnership established’)
- (m) - Time is of the essence
- (n) - No general conditions to apply
- (o) - Language (translations)
- (p) - Counterparts
- (q) - Independence of the notary
- (r) - Language
- 8.7 - Applicable law clauses
- 8.8 - Dispute resolution provisions
- Part IV - Miscellaneous
- 9 - Contract assembly software
- 10 - Drafting certain specific types of legal documents
- ANNEXES - -
- Annex1 - Ten steps to a succesful upgrade of your contracts
- (a) - Step 1: Selection of contracts and scope of contract automation
- (b) - Step 2: Establishing a best practice group
- (c) - Step 3: Collecting and stripping the model contracts and precedents
- (d) - Step 4: Prioritising the model contracts
- (e) - Step 5: Establishing the procedure and setting the agenda
- (f) - Step 6: Preparing handsome proposals for discussion
- (g) - Step 7: Discussing and establishing the model building blocks
- (h) - Step 8: Determining the company's contract house style
- (i) - Step 9: Identifying approval requirements and business access
- (j) - Step 10: Automating the documents and implementing the workflow
- Annex 2 - Document marking conventions
- Annex 3 - Contract drafting conventions (sample)
- Annex 4 - House style rules (sample)
3.6 Blank space after the body of the contract
Sometimes, especially if the agreement is signed by more than two persons, a page break may break the concluding clause from the signature blocks to be spread over two pages. In order to make sure that they stay together on a single page, Word allows the user to link two succeeding paragraphs to stay together (right-click the preceding paragraph, choose ‘paragraph…’, and in the second tab tick the box of Keep with next paragraph).
Keeping lengthy paragraphs together, however, may result in the end of the body of the text being followed by an expanse of blank space with the signature blocks on top of the next page. Some drafters don’t like such a blank space and add the following notation a few lines below the body of the text of the agreement:
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
or:
[INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]